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Provides Testimony In

Forensic Examinations Audio, Forensic Examinations Video Media, Analog Media, Digital Media, Digital Images, Authentication Recordings, Authentication Images, Intelligibility Enhancement, Visual Enhancement, Identification Non-Voice Signals, Classification Non-Voice Signals, Voice Comparison, Digital Data Retrieval, Digital Data Analysis, Metadata Analysis,video tape authentication

Professional Positions

August 2014 – Present        Private Company, Stafford, Virginia.  Owner, private consultant, examiner, and researcher.  Conducts forensic examinations of audio and video media (analog and digital) and digital images, including authentication of recordings/images, intelligibility/visual enhancement, identification/classification of non-voice signals, voice comparison, digital data retrieval/analysis, metadata analysis, and other related examinations.  Presents expert testimony and assists attorneys with preparing for cross-examination of opposing experts.  Evaluates appropriate recording and analysis equipment.  Conducts research in forensic audio/video/image analysis related fields and authors/co-authors peer-reviewed papers and other publications.

October 1999 – July 2014    Private Company, Fredericksburg, Virginia.  Private consultant, examiner, and researcher for a Private Company (Clifton, Virginia).  Conducted forensic examinations of audio and video media (analog and digital) and digital images, including authentication of recordings/images, intelligibility/visual enhancement, identification/classification of non-voice signals, voice comparison, digital data retrieval/analysis, metadata analysis, and other related examinations.  Presented expert testimony and assisted attorneys with preparing for cross-examination of opposing experts.  Evaluated appropriate recording and analysis equipment.  Conducted research in forensic audio/video/image analysis related fields and authored/co-authored peer-reviewed papers and other publications.

September 1996 – June 2003    Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Quantico, Virginia.  Electronics Engineer / Forensic Examiner.  Conducted examinations of audio recordings produced or collected by federal, state, local, and foreign law enforcement and judicial agencies.  These examinations included authentication of recordings, intelligibility enhancement, identification and classification of non-voice signals, digital data retrieval/analysis, and other related examinations.  Additional duties included the presentation of expert testimony in criminal matters, support to FBI field offices and other law enforcement agencies regarding technical assistance pertaining to audio recordings, and training of FBI personnel in the analysis of proprietary digital recording devices.  Held a full-field, TOP SECRET clearance for the entirety of the employment.

Certifications

  • Certified Forensic Video Examiner (IAI, August 2014 to August 2019)
  • Certified Cyber Forensics Professional (CCFPâ„ ) [(ISC)2, July 2013 to July 2016]

Formal Education

Bachelor of Science Degree, University of Miami, major of Electrical Engineering (Audio Engineering Program)

Additional undergraduate courses at the University of Florida

Work and Testimony Experience

Have conducted examinations on over 3,250 separate audio and video recordings in over 900 criminal, civil, and administrative matters, which include submissions from 45 states, the District of Columbia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Croatia, Indonesia, Italy, the Netherlands, Puerto Rico, Romania, Singapore, Turkey, and the United Kingdom.

Have testified as an expert in the fields of audio intelligibility enhancement, video enhancement, audio and video authenticity, and signal analysis in federal and state courts and depositions in Arizona, California, Delaware, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, and in front of the Ukrainian Parliament.

Have conducted forensic examinations in numerous significant investigations/cases, including:  the data recovery and intelligibility enhancement of the cockpit voice recording from United Airlines Flight 93, which crashed in Shanksville, PA on September 11, 2001; the authenticity analysis of the Linda Tripp/Monica Lewinsky telephone recordings involving the investigation of President William J. Clinton; the analysis of digital recordings related to the Washington D.C.-area sniper shootings; the authenticity examination of digital audio recordings from the office of former Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma; the audio and image enhancement analyses plus transcription preparation in the Duke University Lacrosse Team case; the authenticity analysis of audio microcassette recordings in the Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper vs. The Liberal Party of Canada civil case; the authenticity examination of recordings surrounding the Texaco obstruction of justice investigation; and the authenticity examination of a recording related to the Abner Louima police brutality investigation.

Specialized Short Courses and Professional Training

  • ABCs of Video & Digital Technology, presented by the Sony Training Institute, in Lanham, MD
  • Advanced Forensic Audio Processing Techniques, presented by Digital Audio Corporation, Inc., in Raleigh, NC
  • FBIRD Training, presented by Adaptive Digital Systems, Inc., in Quantico, VA
  • FBIRD Training (Personalized Instruction), presented by Adaptive Digital Systems Inc., in Irvine, CA
  • Fast Fourier Analysis, presented by Signal Processing Systems, in San Diego, CA
  • File Systems Revealed, presented by X-Ways Software Technology AG, in Seattle, WA
  • Forensic Audio Filtering and Tape Enhancement, presented by Digital Audio Corporation, Inc., in Quantico, VA
  • Forensic Authentication of Digital Audio workshop, presented by the National Center for Media Forensics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
  • Forensic Authentication of Digital Images, presented by the National Center for Media Forensics, University of Colorado, Denver, CO
  • Forensic Image and Video Processing, presented at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, in San Antonio, TX
  • Image and Video Processing Using MATLAB, presented by MathWorks, in Vienna, VA
  • Innovation in Forensic Image and Video Analysis, presented at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences, in Atlanta, GA
  • New Professional Core Curriculum Training Program, Phases I and II, presented by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in Quantico, VA
  • Principles of Acoustics and the Measurement of Sound, presented by Brüel & Kjær, in Livonia, MI
  • Principles of Vibration Measurement and Analysis, presented by Brüel & Kjær, in Livonia, MI
  • R-DAT Format Training, presented by Sony Corporation, in Quantico, VA
  • Signal and Image Processing and Analysis for Scientists and Engineers, presented by Applied Technology Institute, in Laurel, MD
  • Spectrum Analysis of Sound & Vibration, presented by Brüel & Kjær, in Livonia, MI
  • Technical Recovery of Electronic Evidence, presented by Computer Security Institute, in Rancho Cucamonga, CA
  • Video Analyst System Training, presented by Intergraph, in Huntsville, AL
  • Video Capture, Enhancement and Analysis, presented by The Institute for Forensic Imaging (in association with Indiana University and Purdue University), Indianapolis, IN
  • X-Ways Forensics, presented by X-ways Software Technology AG, in Seattle, WA

Peer-Reviewed Publications
Available Upon Request

Other Publication
Available Upon Request

Professional Associations, Seminars, & Activities

  • Organization of Scientific Area Committees (OSAC)
  • Member of the Imaging Technologies Subcommittee within the Digital/Multimedia Scientific Area Committee (SAC)
  • Member of the Audio Forensics Task Group within the Digital Evidence Subcommittee of the Digital/Multimedia SAC
  • American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) [Fellow]
  • Chair of the Digital & Multimedia Sciences section (2012 – 2014)
  • Secretary of the Digital & Multimedia Sciences section (2010 – 2012)
  • Digital & Multimedia Sciences section Program Committee member (2013 – 2014)
  • Digital & Multimedia Sciences section By-Laws Committee member (2009 – 2010)
  • AAFS Nominating Committee (2014 – 2015)
  • AAFS Membership Committee member (2010 – 2014)
  • AAFS Continuing Education Committee member (2010 – 2014)
  • Guest Reviewer for the Journal of Forensic Sciences (2008 – 2010)

Audio Engineering Society (AES) [Member]

  • Member of the Technical Committee on Audio Forensics

International Association for Identification (IAI) [Active Member]

  • Member of the Editorial Board for the Journal of Forensic Identification (2011 – present)
  • Former member of the IAI’s Forensic Video Analysis Certification Study Committee]

National Technical Investigators Association (NATIA) [Former member]

Have attended seminars and conferences of the AES, the IAI, the AAFS, NATIA, and a regional meeting of the Acoustical Society of America.  Invited exam developer for the (ISC)2 Certified Cyber Forensics Professional (CCFPâ„ ) certification program.

Testimony
Available Upon Request

Presentations

American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS):

  • “Conversion of AVI ‘txts’ Stream Data to Adobe® Premiere Pro® Title Files” (2011) [awarded the Outstanding Case Study Award for the Digital & Multimedia Sciences section]
  • “Considerations for the Forensic Authentication of Digital Audio Recordings” (2008)
  • “Analysis of MiniDV Recording Date/Time Information” (2007)

Audio Engineering Society (AES):

  • “The Effect of Sample Length on Cross-Correlation Comparisons of Recorded Gunshot Sounds” (AES 54th International Conference, 2014)
  • “Forensic Digital Data Analysis” (AES 133rd Convention, 2012)
  • “WinHex for Forensic Audio Analysis – Introduction, Applications, and Scripting” (AES 46th International Conference, 2012)
  • “Considerations for the Forensic Authentication of Digital Audio Recordings” (Washington DC Section, 2007)
  • Overview of the forensic audio field (University of Miami chapter)

International Association for Identification (IAI) – “Audio Extraction from Silicor Technologies, Inc.’s Digital Video Recorder Format” (2009)

National Technical Investigators Association (NATIA):

  • “Bits and Bytes:  Audio and Video File Analysis” (2013)
  • “Authentication of Forensic Audio Recordings:  Practices and Considerations” (2004)

Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE) – overview of forensic audio enhancement tools

Various presentations to FBI and Department of Justice personnel

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